Infants whose mothers had a higher level of a particular type of vitamin B during pregnancy have a lower risk of atopic dermatitis at age 12 months, according to research published online in Clinical and Experimental Allergy (Sept. 15, 2016).
The study from the Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton in the UK, linked maternal serum levels of nicotinamide—a form of vitamin B3—and related metabolites to the risk of atopic dermatitis in the child.
The researchers believe the findings support the concept that eczema partly originates as a baby develops in the womb and could reveal ways of reducing the risk of the skin condition. Dr. Sarah El-Heis, the study’s lead researcher from the University of Southampton, in a press release said, “nicotinamide cream has been used in the treatment of eczema but the link between the mother’s levels of nicotinamide during pregnancy and the offspring’s risk of atopic eczema has not been previously studied. The findings point to potentially modifiable influences on this common and distressing condition.” Nicotinamide levels are maintained through intake of foods such as fish, meat, chicken, mushrooms, nuts, and coffee as well as tryptophan, an amino acid found in most proteins. The research assessed the amount of nicotinamide and related tryptophan metabolites during pregnancy in 497 women that took part in the Southampton Women’s Survey. The rates of atopic dermatitis in their children at ages six and 12 months was studied. Results showed that offspring of mothers with higher levels of nicotinamide had a 30% lower chance of developing atopic dermatitis at 12 months. There was an even stronger association with higher levels of anthranilic acid, a tryptophan metabolite. Nicotinamide can improve the overall structure, moisture, and elasticity of skin and therefore could potentially alter the disease processes associated with eczema, the researchers say. The study showed a gradual association between higher maternal nicotinamide and anthranilic acid levels and a lower risk of atopic dermatitis, suggesting that the development of eczema is not simply prevented by the presence of these nutrients. Professor Keith Godfrey, director of the NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre in Nutrition, added, “more research is needed to investigate this interesting association, but the findings are further evidence of the potential benefits of eating a healthy balanced diet during pregnancy.”